Sewa Laptop Jogja

Update Terbaru Januari 2024

Kay.COM Persewaan Laptop Hubungi 083866961621 (WA/Telp)

 

Sangat cocok untuk membantu segala kebutuhan acara anda seperti acara pelatihan, acara rapat, acara seminar, untuk Ujian Berbasis Komputer dan Test CPNS. Sehingga Kantor/Perusahaan anda dapat menekan biaya operasional pada acara penting tersebut dan tidak perlu banyak mengeluarkan biaya besar untuk membeli laptop baru, dan biaya perawatan. Didukung dengan merk Laptop terkenal seperti ASUS, LENOVO, HP & DELL. 

Kami memberikan layanan terbaik untuk sewa laptop sehingga dapat memudahakan anda dalam mempersiapkan segala keperluan acara penting tersebut. Tanpa biaya kirim dan biaya instalasi. Kay.COM memberikan harga sewa laptop murah TANPA mengurangi kualitas barang. Durasi sewa mulai dari Sewa Harian, Sewa Mingguan, Sewa Bulanan, Sewa Tahunan yang pasti harga dapat dinego. Spesifikasi laptop yang disediakan dapat disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan client seperti kapasitas hardisk, Memori laptop maupun Memori VGA Graphics. Laptop yang kami sediakan bervariasi mulai dari prosesor Core i7, Core i5, Core i3 dan sudah memakai SSD semua, jadi jangan khawatir kalau performa atau kinerja lelet. 

 

Sewa laptop yang kami berikan telah lolos dari QC sehingga dapat menghasilkan kineja yang optimal.Setiap pengiriman unit kami sediakan unit cadangan jika terjadi hal yang tidak diingankan seperti error. Jangkauan sewa laptop kami, meliputi: Yogyakarta, Magelang, Purworejo, Klaten, dan Solo. Percayakan semua kebutuhan acara anda kepada Kay.COM, mulai dari acara terkecil hingga acara terbesar. Dan kami akan mendukung dan mensukseskan acara anda. Segera lakukan pemesanan / konsultasi kepada kami untuk Sewa Laptop. 

 

WhatsApp/Telp: 083866961621

Kami selalu Ready untuk Pemakaian Pribadi ataupun Partai Besar

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Jasa Membersihkan Kipas Laptop Yogyakarta

Assalamu'alaikum Wr. Wb.

Update 15 Maret 2020

sebelumnya ane nawarin jasa. ane mau ngasih beberapa fakta dulu tentang pentingnya jasa ane..bukan bermaksut nakut2in. tapi ini realita di dunia perlaptopan.

agan yang sering pakai laptop pasti sering denger istilah overheat. istilah yang di pakai kalo laptop panasnya berlebihan sehingga bisa menyebabkan mati sendiri. kalo di biarkan terus menerus bisa berdampak pada kurang maksimal atau bahkan kerusakan pada VGA dan PROCESSOR..

kalo agan2 takut buat bongkar. ane kasih solusi
berhubung ane udah lama di dunia perlaptopan ane mau nawarin jasa buat cleaning laptop agan + penggatian pasta. Ane nawarin jasa dengan biaya Rp 70.000 itu sudah termasuk dengan pemberian pasta & ada Garansi Instal Ulang apabila terjadi Crash pada Windows. kalo ada yang berminat silahkan hubungi ane. untuk Yogyakarta + sekitar bisa langsung cod di tempat ane, alamat ane yg ada d denah atas sebelah kiri tuh. kalau gak alamat ane di Perum APH Seturan Baru Blok Caturtunggal, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta.

* Kami juga menawarkan Jasa Instal Ulang Laptop / Komputer / Netbook All Brand bersistem Windows 7 / 8 / 8.1 / 10 + Instal Aplikasi Penting
 
Harga yang sangat terjangkau bukan??

Dengan senang hati kami akan melayani anda Dan mengutamakan pelayanan yang maksimal

Segera Order Jasa Kami !!!

SMS/Telp: 085755739647 atau 083866961621 (Agi)
Whatsapp: 083866961621

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Manfaat Susu Kambing SkyGoat plus Propolis

MANFAAT SKYGOAT PROPOLIS

Gaya hidup yang tidak sehat dan seringnya terpapar radikal bebas ternyata membuat tubuh rentan mengalami penyakit yang tidak pernah diduga sebelumnya.

Propolis sendiri sebenarnya sudah dikenal sejak 45 juta tahun yang lalu. Tetapi belakangan ini mulai populer kembali setelah adanya penemuan kesehatan yang tidak disangka-sangka.

Kata propolis sendiri berasal dari bahasa Yunani yang berarti pro (ikut serta) sedangkan polis berarti tubuh. Sehingga bisa diartikan bahwa olahan madu satu ini berarti berkhasiat bagi pertahanan tubuh. Produk ini memiliki manfaat yang sangat banyak, diantaranya adalah:

1. Bioflavonoid di dalam produk ini mampu meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh dan menetralkan racun yang telah terakumulasi sehingga membentuk tumpukan. Hal inilah yang menjadi penyebab utama rusaknya beberapa organ dan fungsi di dalam tubuh. 
2. Zat antibiotik yang terkandung di dalam propolis mampu menghancurkan bakteri, jamur dan virus yang masuk ke dalam tubuh. 
3. Mampu meredakan inflamasi (radang) yang terjadi di dalam tubuh. 
4. Propolis juga baik untuk terapi ateoklerosis maupun pengapuran pembuluh darah yang disebabkan oleh hipertensi maupun kolesterol.

Penemuan kembali propolis ini merupakan salah satu penemuan terbesar dalam dunia kesehatan. Inilah yang menyebabkan produk satu ini sangat diandalkan dalam beberapa terapi kesehatan.

Wow, Inilah 1000 Manfaat Istimewa Propolis

Mengetahui Manfaat propolis tentunya sangat penting sekali bagi anda. Di era modern ini, banyak sekali bahan alam yang bisa dimanfaatkan untuk membuat tubuh menjadi sehat. Salah satunya bisa ditemukan dalam propolis. Dengan menggunakan bahan yang satu ini maka tubuh anda akan bisa menjadi lebih sehat dan bertenaga dibandingkan dengan sebelumnya. Apa saja manfaat dari bahan propolis ini? Pertama, terdapat kandungan anti oksidan pada propolis ini yang sangat bagus sekali fungsinya untuk membuang segala macam zat kimia atau zat buruk lainnya yang ada dalam tubuh kita. Terkadang, kita tidak pernah menyadari bahwa tubuh kita kerap kali diserang oleh yang namanya polusi. Maka dari itu, supaya kita bisa terhindar dari bahaya tersebut, mengkonsumsi propolis sangat dianjurkan.

Propolis Meregenerasi Sel yang Rusak

Selanjutnya, Manfaat propolis lainnya yang juga perlu anda ketahui adalah mampu untuk meregenerasi sel yang luka dengan sangat cepat. Mungkin anda pernah mengalami jatuh atau kecelakaan sehingga membuat luka gores maupun luka sobek yang besar dalam tubuh anda.

Ketiga, Manfaat propolis juga bisa anda temukan dimana tubuh anda akan mudah untuk kebal dari serangan berbagai jenis penyakit. Hal ini tentunya akan menjadikan anda menjadi lebih kuat dalam beraktivitas nanti. Anda pasti tau bahwa segala jenis penyakit yang ada di dunia ini bisa terjadi dikarenakan bakteri, jamur dan juga virus. Nah, jika anda menggunakan propolis dengan teratur maka akan ada banyak sekali manfaat yang bisa anda rasakan dimana tubuh anda yang mudah terserang penyakit dulunya akan bisa menjadi lebih kuat sekarang. .

Keempat, Manfaat propolis akan bisa anda temukan melalui khasiatnya yang luar biasa dalam membangkitkan gairah dan semangat yang anda miliki dalam aktivitas. Dalam beberapa kasus, banyak orang yang meyakini bahwa bahan herbal yang satu ini juga bisa digunakan untuk mencegah anda dari serangalemah syahwat.

Daftar Harga Susu Kambing Ettawa Yogyakarta

Sky Goat Original Vanilla:
1 sachet @ Rp 2500  1 Box @ Rp 25.000
> 5 Box @ Rp 23.000
> 10 Box @ Rp 22.500
> 30 Box @ Rp 22.000
> 50 Box @ Rp 21.000

Sky Goat Propolis (Vanilla & Coklat)
1 Sachet @ Rp 3.500
1 Box @ Rp 35.000
> 5 Box @ Rp 33.000
> 10 Box @ Rp 32.000
> 30 Box @ Rp 31.500
> 50 Box @ Rp 30.000

Contact Person:
Sagita Catur PamungkasSMS/WA: 083866961621
BBM: 57719840

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Susu Kambing Etawa Skygoat Yogyakarta

Susu kambing sangat baik untuk Maag Kronis, meningkatkan fungsi kekebalan tubuh dan mencegah masalah yang diakibatkan kelebihan zat asam tubuh lainnya seperti kelelahan, gusi dan masalah gusi, kecenderungan sering sakit, nyeri, sakit kepala, peradangan dan penuaan dini.

Susu Kambing mengandung lebih banyak vitamin A, B3 dan B6 serta lebih rendah untuk asam folat dan B12, juga mengandung lebih banyak kalsium, fosfor (untuk pertumbuhan tulang), kalium, zat besi, tembaga, magnesium, mangan dan Selenium (anti oksidan). Susu kambing memiliki tingkat sebanding Seng dan Natrium.Jika Anda Berminat Membelinya, silahkan datang langsung atau hubungi kami untuk layanan pesan antar atau pengiriman.

Mengapa Memilih Susu Kambing Etawa Bubuk dari pada yang Cair?
1. Susu kambing etawa bubuk lebih praktis dan instan dalam penyajian.
2. Dalam hal pendistribusian juga lebih mudah, karena susu kambing etawa cair harus di kirim dalam keadalan beku.
3. Kemasan praktis dan lebih menjual dari segi bisnis
4. Susu bubuk lebih tahan lama dibandingkan dengan susu kambing cair (*Skygoat tanpa bahan pengawet)

Mengapa Memilih Skygoat dan Bukan Susu Kambing Etawa Lainnya?
1. Skygoat merupakan salah satu produk susu kambing etawa bubuk yang sudah mendapatkan ijin resmi BPOM dan Halal LP-POM MUI. Skygoat sudah cukup dikenal di Indonesia khususnya di Jawa, dan penjualan susu kambing etawa bubuk organik bisa dikatakan memiliki curve yang meningkat tiap tahunnya. (*BPOM RI MD 802812001005, LP-POM MUI 123030003301213).
2. Skygoat menawarkan harga yang relatif ekonomis dengan kemasan berat Netto 200 Gram.
INFORMASI PRODUK SKYGOAT SUSU BUBUK KAMBING ETAWA FULL CREAM
Komposisi : Krimer Nabati, Susu Bubuk Kambing Etawa Full Cream, Gula. 
Diproduksi oleh PT Solusky Yogyakarta 55571 Indonesia
BPOM RI MD 802812001005
LP-POM MUI 123030003301213
Kemasan Luar Kardus, Kemasan dalam Sachet (20g x 10)
Netto 200Gram

ATURAN MINUM SUSU KAMBING ETAWA
1. Untuk Terapi Penyembuhan Penyakit : Minum susu kambing etawa ini 3 kali sehari. Larutkan 1 sachet susu kambing etawa Skygoat dan seduh dengan air hangat +- 150 cc air.
2. Untuk menjaga kebugaran : Minum susu kambing etawa ini 2 kali sehari. Larutkan 1 sachet susu kambing etawa Skygoat dan seduh dengan air hangat +- 150 cc air.

Daftar Harga Susu Kambing Ettawa Yogyakarta

Sky Goat Original Vanilla:
1 sachet @ Rp 2800  1 Box @ Rp 25.000
> 5 Box @ Rp 23.000
> 10 Box @ Rp 22.500
> 30 Box @ Rp 22.000
> 50 Box @ Rp 21.000

Sky Goat Propolis (Vanilla & Coklat)
1 Sachet @ Rp 3.500
1 Box @ Rp 35.000
> 5 Box @ Rp 34.000
> 10 Box @ Rp 33.000
> 30 Box @ Rp 31.500
> 50 Box @ Rp 30.000

Contact Person:
Sagita Catur Pamungkas
SMS/WA: 083866961621
BBM: 57719840

(COD Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya)

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Pesan Hotel Harga Murah dan Praktis dengan Aplikasi Hotel Quickly

Hotel Quickly merupakan salah satu aplikasi free yang bisa di download di handphone android melalui aplikasi google play / play store. Hotel Quickly sesuai namanya merupakan aplikasi pemesanan (booking) hotel untuk keesokan harinya. Aplikasinya cukup mudah dijalankan dan proses pemesanannya pun cukup cepat, hanya 5 menit saja. Hotel yang disediakan juga hotel-hotel terpilih dari bintang 2 hingga bintang 5 di seluruh negara Asia Pasifik, termasuk Indonesia, Australia, Malaysia, Philipina, Singapura, Thailand, Korea Selatan, Hongkong, Laos, Myanmar, Macau, Vietnam, dll.

Kelebihan aplikasi ini? Seperti yang saya ungkapkan dengan judul diatas. Kita bisa dapatkan hotel berbintang dengan harga yang murah. Ga percaya? Saya sudah buktikan sendiri, menginap di hotel bintang 4 dengan harga 200rb rupiah sudah termasuk breakfast. Bahkan dengan aplikasi ini, kita bisa menginap secara gratis....Gimana caranya?

Pertama install aplikasinya di handphone kamu. Setelah itu buka aplikasinya, isi data-data yang diperlukan, seperti nama, alamat email, dan no HP. Kalau sudah bisa masuk ke aplikasinya, pilih menu credit terus klik redeem / menebus. Ketik APAMUNG9 dan klik redeem / menebus.

Setelah itu cek credit kamu, caranya sama pilih menu credit. Disana akan terlihat credit kamu telah bertambah dari 0 IDR menjadi 170000 IDR. Apa artinya?
Artinya kamu punya semacam simpanan di hotel Quickly senilai 170.000 IDR. Kalau di aplikasinya disebut credit. Credit ini berfungsi untuk mengurangi harga hotel. Jadi misalnya kamu mau booking hotel dengan harga 400.000 dan karena kamu punya credit 170.000 maka kamu cukup bayar 400.000-170.000= 230.000 IDR. Murah banget kan?

Sekarang tinggal pintar-pintarnya kamu cari hotel yang berbintang, fasilitas lengkap, ada breakfast nya, lokasi bagus dan murah. Terus gimana bayarnya. Sistem bayar hotel quickly hanya bisa menggunakan kartu kredit / Paypal. Jadi secara otomatis kepotong dari kartu kredit yang kamu inputkan nanti di aplikasinya. Ini salah satu hasil bookingan hotel berbintang 4, tanpa breakfast yang saya lakukan:

Untuk hotel berbintang 4 yang biasanya kita harus bayar 500 rb an, di hotel quickly cuma bayar 200 rb an. Murah banget kan?

Katanya tadi bisa dapet hotel tanpa bayar, beneran? Ga bohong? Enggaklah. Ini buktinya:

Gimana si caranya?
Saya tadi kan udah bilang harga yang dibayar=harga hotel-credit. Kalau credit kita = harga hotel gimana? ya otomatis kita dapat kamar gratis dunk...

Di hotel quickly untuk pemesanan pertama ga bisa gratis, kamu harus bayar minimal 170.000. Tapi selanjutnya sudah ga ada pembayaran minimal. Harga yang tertera di hotel quickly merupakan harga hotel yang sudah dikurangi credit, tapi belum termasuk pajak 21%.

Cara dapetin credit yang banyak gimana? Hmmm... kasih tau ga ya???

Gini nih caranya, dengan mengundang semakin banyak teman untuk menginstall aplikasi ini dengan menggunakan redeem code kamu. Setiap teman yang menggunakan redeem code kamu, teman kamu dapat 170.000 IDR, kmu dapat tambahan credit 10.000. Kalau teman kamu tadi booking hotel, kamu dapat 170.000 IDR lagi.

Ada lagi dengan cara pilih menu freehotel klik share, pilih yang ada 60000 IDR nya, maka kamu bisa dapat tambahan credit 60000 IDR lagi.


Terus..kalo kamu udah pernah booking hotel 1 x, otomatis kamu bisa dapat tambahan diskon 4% dari hotel Quickly. Enak banget kan?

Aplikasi ini emang bantu banget buat kamu yang sering travelling, udah murah, gampang , dapet hotel berbintang lagi. Jadi tunggu apa lagi? Cepetan install aplikasi ini sekarang.

ini hasil screenshot pemesan hotel saya bulan Agustus 2015:

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Jasa Instal Ulang Laptop, Netbook dan Komputer Yogyakarta BERGARANSI (Update Juli 2023)

UPDATE TERBARU!!
JULI 2023

Apakah anda mempunyai permasalahan tentang kinerja komputer/laptop yang semakin melambat, terserang virus ataupun error problem lainnya seputar komputer/laptop anda??

Kami solusi tepat untuk mengatasi permasalahan di atas!!

Kami menawarkan jasa instal ulang Komputer dan Laptop bersistem operasi Windows 7 Ultimate, Windows 8, Windows 8.1 pro dan Windows 10 (32-bit/64-bit) + bonus aplikasi, seperti Microsoft Office, Anti Virus, Utilities, Video, Music Player, photoshop, Corel Draw, dll.

Anda tidak lagi pergi ke service computer untuk Re-install Windows saat komputer/laptop anda Rusak atau error problem lainnya

Dengan Rp 60.000, biarkan kami yang datang ke tempat anda!! (khusus daerah Sleman, kota Yogyakarta dan sekitarnya)

atau dengan Rp 50.000, anda bisa datang langsung ke tempat kami di Alamat: Perumahan Dirgantara Asri, Jragung, Jogotirto, Berbah, Sleman.
 
Harga yang sangat terjangkau bukan??

Dengan senang hati kami akan melayani anda Dan mengutamakan pelayanan yang maksimal

Segera Order Jasa Kami !!!

SMS/Telp/WhatsApp: 085755739647 atau 083866961621 (Agi)

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Defining and Classifying Groups

A group is defined as two or more individuals, interacting and interdependent, who have come together to achieve particular objective. Groups can be either formal or informal. By formal groups, we mean those defined by the organization’s structure, with designated work assignments establishing tasks. In formal groups, the behaviors that one should engage in are stipulated by and directed toward organizational goals.the six members making up an airline flight crew are an example of a formal group. In contrast, informal groups are alliances that are neither formally structured nor organizationally determined. These groups are natural formations in the work environment that appear in response to the need for social contact. Three employees from different departements who regularly eat lunch together are an example of an informal group.

It’s possibleto further subclassify groups as command, task, interest, or friendship groups. Command and task groups are dictated by the formal organization, whereas interest and friendship groups are informal alliances.
A command group is determined by the organization chart. It is composed of the individuals who report directly to a given manager. An elementary school principal and her 18 teachers from a command groups, as do the director of postal audits and his five inspectors.
Task groups, also organizationally determined, represent those working together to complete a job task. However, a task group’s boundaries are not limited to its immediate hierarchical superior. It can cross command relationships for instance, if a college student is accused of a campus crime, it may riquire communication and coordination among the dean of academic affairs, the dean of students, the registrar, the director of security, and the student’s advisor. Such a formation would constitute a task groups. It should be noted that all command groups are also task groups, but because task groups can cut across the organizations, the reverse need not be true.
People who may or may not be aligned into common command or task groups may affiliate to attain a specific objective with which each is concerned. This is an interest group. Employees who band together to have their vacation schedules altered, to support a peer who has been fired, or to seek improved working conditions represent the formation of a united body to further their common interest.
Groups often develop because the individual members have one or more common characteristics. We call these formations friendship groups. Social alliances, which frequently extend outside the work situation, can be based on similar age or ethnic heritage, support for Notre Dame football, interest in the same alternative rock band, or the holding of similar political views, to name just a few such characteristics.
Informal groups porvide a very important service by satisfying their members social needs. Because of interactions that result from the close proximity of workstations or task interactions, we find that workers often do things together like play golf, commute to work, take lunch, and chat during coffe breaks. We must recognize that these types of interactionss among individuals, even though informal, deeply affect their behavior and performance.
There is no single reason why individuals join groups. Because most people belong to a number of groups, it’s obvious that different groups provide different benefits to theirs members. Exhibit 9-1 summarizes the most popular reasons people have for joining groups.
Working in groups requires a certain amount of trust. Are you a trusting person? The self assessment feature will tell you.

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ENVIRONMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY IN THE COMMUNITY

In this section, we move from the dwelling itself into the streets. We will explore person-environment relations in public places : the neighborhood, the community, and on city streets. Some of the questions to be addressed are : what coast stitutes a satisfying neighborhood? Under what environmental conditions will individuals is public places tend to help or hurt one another what is the nature of social interaction in public places? How does the physical environment influence shopping? We begin with the sources a satisfaction in neighborhoods.

Sources of Neighborhood Satisfaction

Physical and personal factors. Once you are outside, on the streets near your home, are you satisfied with what you see and hear? Does your neighbourhood make you feel proud or ashamed? Do you feel as if you’d like to spend your whole life in such a great place?

The answer depends partly on the physical characteristics of the neighborhood itself. Is it noisy, expensive, downtown, split by major transportation routes, smoggy? Taylor [1982] concludes from his survey of research that physical deterioration and ;lack of nearby green space are strongly related to dissatisfaction with the nighborhood. Widgery [1982] also confirms the comonsese notion that satisfaction with a neighborhood depends in large part on the aesthetic quality of the neighborhood.

Cities reflect the culture and times in which they are embedded [Rapoport, 1985]. Within any singel culture or era, we tend to overlook the ways in which neighborhood forms mirror our values in the same way that fish are said to be the last to discover water. Consider different eras within one culture, for example. Repoport [1985] describe how a city on the U.S East Coast has been remade several times. First it had an “organic” irregular street pattern. This pattern was replaced by a scrict grid system that represented a modem point of view at one time. Now the streets have become curves with many culs-de-sac, not unlike their original layout! Satisfaction with this and many other features of cities that vary with time and culture presumably is a function of congruence between residents’ culture and the era with which they identifity (Gifford, 1984-1985) and the physical form of the community.

Cross-cultural diversity may characterize some features of communities, but other features seem to have a near-universal meaning (Repoport, 1982). For example, religious buildings from the cathedral at Chartres to temples in India to basilicas in Milwaukee to sacred buildings in Papua, New Guinea all use height to express holiness. The idea of reaching toward the heavens with buildings seems to have occurred to most of the world’s designers of religious buildings, reflecting a similar idea that is part of many cultures. Other features of communities also show widespread similarity across cultures. Satisfaction with community presumably is a functionnof whether these near-universal features are present in the buildings an form of our own community.

Cities are sometimes viewed as unrelenting sources of noise, crime, ugliness, and crowding. The overload approach suggest that urban stimmulation is so great that individuals are forced to become apathetic and rude. Stanley Milgram’s (1970) classic artcle on the topic was meant to defend urbanites by showing the had little choice in the face of an avalanche of stimulation. They must select for their attention and care only the most important stimuli, which means ignoring other stimuli that might seem important to outsiders. Overload was seen to “deform” the daily life of urbanites.

This perpective may have improved the image of city dwellers by arguing that they couldn’t help being rude and unhelpful, but city dwellers aren’t always like that anyway, and it made cities look bad as well as city dwellers. On the first issue, it may be true thar city dwellers are less friendly to neighbors and stranger then are rural residents, but they are just as involved with family and relatives (Frank, 1980, Korte, 1980).

On the second issue, the specter of overload in the city is not true for everyone. After an initial period of avtively coping with the admittedly higher levels of stimulation found in the city, most neew residents are able to find a social and physical niche that protects them from undesirable levels of stimulation. Of course, this protection depends in part on your resources, it is often said the New York is a great place to live if you have many. Still, its obvious that millions of urbanies lead satisfying lives that are sheltered from excessive stimulation.

Danil Geller (1980) has invoked the concept of optimal level of stimulation to develop a more balanced view of city life. The large amount of stimulation found in cities may be too much (an overload) for some individuals, such as some new arrivals, but just right for others. He suggest that an adaptation-level approach helps us understand who like cities and who doesn’t. Those who are adapted to quite low levels of stimulation-perhaps a villager-might find the sudden drastic increase in stimulation unpleasant. Similarly, city dwellers used to lost of action may find villages painfully boring. Helson (1964) suggest that moderate discrapancies from our adaptation level are pleasing. In the case of communities, this could mean that a villager would be pleased by a town but not a city, and that city dwellers would rether vacation in a small town than ih a village or out in the wilderness.

An individuvual’s community satisfuction also depends on aother personal factors, such as whether you own or rent and your stage of life (Michelson, 1997). Frances and Abraham Carp’s (1982) a study of the impast of san Franscissco’s Bay Area Rapid Transit system (BART) on neighborhood satisfaction, discussed in Chapter Three, illustrated the idea that both person and environment factors are important. But what exactly are these person-environment sources os satisfaction? 

William Michelson’s (1977) study of Tbronto families who had recently moved reveals that satisfaction with physical aspects of the community is strongly influenced by availability of public transportation and parking facilities, apparance of the neighborhood, and distance to green spaces. However, satisfaction is mediated by other factors, such as whether the resident lives downtown or in the suburbs and whether the residence is an apartment or a house. For example, distance to green space is a greater source of dissatisfaction for downtown residents than it is for suburban residents. Lack of public transportation of bigger source of unhappliness for suburban apartment dwellers that it is for downtown residents.

Michelson reports one source of dissatisfaction that is surprising. Nolse is one of the most dissatisfying features of many communities (Liewllyn, 1981). Because we think of urban areas as noisy, we might except downtown residents to be most obset about noise. However, Michelson found that two or three times as many residents of suburban houses were dissatisfied with noise from the environment as were residents of downtown houses. This suggest that (a) downtown neighborhoods are actually quieter than suburban neighborhood, or (b) downtown residents have adapted to higher noise levels and no longer notice the noise, or (c) suburbannites expect their homes to be even quiter than they are.

This raises the question of adaptation to community noise. Can we get used to noise, so that it doesn’t bother us anymore? Neil Weinstein [1982], after reviwing the research in this area, concluedes that the evidence does not support the idea that people can get used to anything. In a study of this own, the same residents were interviwed 4 months until 6 months after a major new highway opened in their community. The new highway raised sound levels 16 to 20 decibels above that in similar neighborhood with no highway. The residents annoyance with the increased sound did not decrease in the 12 months interval between surveys. Weinstein reports that residents became more pessimistic about their abillity to adapt. This is one sample of individuals who do not believe that you can get used to anything!

Nevertheless, some inddividuals may be able is adapt to noise. Mehrabian (1977) proposes that some of use are capable of screening out unwanted stimulation. Another mediating variable may be anxiety level. A study of over 100 individuals responses to traffic noise found that low-anxiety respondents appeared able to adapt to the noise, but high-anxiety respondents did not (Jonah, Bradley & Dawson, 1981).

In many neighborhoods, another source old is satisfaction is noise from aircraft. Near a busy Southem California airport where air traffic alone created an average 65 decibel of sound all day, 84 percent of recidents said aircraft noise was a problem (Jue, Shumaker,& Evans, 1984). Once again annoyance was mediated by a personal factories idents with low perceived control over the noise were more annoyed than residents who believed they could have some control over it. 

Individuals may, however, adapt to other community stressors, such as air pollution. Gary Evans and his co-workers found that long time Los Angeles residents were just as capable of perceiving smog as newer residents, but they were significantly less likely to actually report a given day as smoggy (Evans, Jacobs, & Frager, 1982b). Is seems they could see smog, but a lower levels they no longer realized that what they saw was indeed smog. Presumably then, long term residents satisfaction with their community would not be adversel, affected by low levels of smog it may, however, adversely affect their social behavior and their health, as we shall see.

Among other features of the environment that influence residential satisfaction, one of the most important is the visual quality of the immediately surrounding area the streets of the neighborhood. Jack Nasar (1983) showed sixty residential scenes to design proffesionals and to adult laypersons. These groups preferred scenes that showed well kept yards, ornate rather than plain buildings, scenes depicting single us buildings (such as all residences as opposed to residential commercial mixtures), and scenes that appeared open. (See Fig. 9-6) These characteristicsare typical of more expensive housing, which we would expect to be satisfying to many individuals. How ever, the value of research like Nasar’s is that we begin to learn which specific aspects of expensive housing are preferred. Certainly houses have been constructed that are very expensive yet do not satisfy their residents, mere expensiveness does not guarantee satisfaction.

This is illustrated by another study by the same researcher, indicating that not everyone prefers housing with these expensive qualities. Nasar (1981) found that eldery observers also preferred residential scenes that were apoen and well kept, but they did not prefer scenes with single use buildings over scenes repicting mixed building types, and some of them preferred plan building to ornate ones in addition, the older judges preferred more uniform scenes over more diverse ones, more organized scenes over more disorganized ones, and scenes with little mystery over others with more mystery.

Social Factors. What about the social environment of a community? Doesn’t our satisfaction with a neighborhood depend on the quality of its social life? Surprisingly, social networks may be important sources of satisfaction only in a few communities. Marc Fried, who coauthored a classic study indicating the crucial role of social ties for residential satisfaction (Fried & Gleicher, 1961), now feels that most residential satisfaction is largely due to the physical quality of the neighborhood (Fried, 1982). Interviews of 2,500 individuals in over forty municipalities suggested that social ties are an important source of neighborhood satisfaction only to those who strongly value social ties. The implication is that many of us simply no longer value the neighborhood as a source of friends we look to work, school, and other nonneighborhood places for our social needs. Another study (Handal, Barling, & Morrissy, 1981) directly compared physical and social aspects predicted resident satisfaction better than the social aspects did.

Nevertheless, there are still some groups who see the neighborhood as crucial to residential and life satisfaction. Rivlin (1982) describes, for example, a religious group that explicitly works toward building close physical ties (by buying or renting in one neighborhood) to facilitate close social ties. This is a pattern many ethnic groups follow, especially among members who remain more oriented to the language and customs of the old country than to the dominant culture. But as Loo and Mar (1982) show, many ethnic group members begin to seek housing outside the trditional ethnic enclave as soon as they have enough money and feel comfortable in the dominant culture. This seems to reinforce fried’s position that social ties are less important for most residents than the physical qualities of the community.

Freedom from Crime. Fear of crime is another important factor in neighborhood satisfaction. It isn’t easy to feel good about a community if every time you go outside, you half expect to get mugged or raped. It is interesting that fear of crime does not heavily depend on the actual crime rate. It may be inflated by flashy media portrayals. In a study of Hongkong and Toronto, fear of crime was more closely associated with population density than with actual crime rates (Gifford & Peacock,1979). This is an unresolved issue, however, because others have concluded that density is more associated with crime than it is with our fear of crime (Taylor, 1982).

Oscar Newman’s (1980) theory of defensible space, discussed in Chapter Six, argues that certain arrangements of streets and other public territories create settings where space is easily given surveillance and clearly defined as to ownership. Whether such designs really lower crimes is not proved (many other factors may play a role), but the designs do seem to make residents feel safer. For example, lighting designed to facilitate surveillance of public areas reduced the fears of individuals even though crime may not have been reduced (Tien, O’Donnell, Barnett, & Mirchandani, 1979).

Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior in Urban Settings

What environmental conditions in the streets of our communities influence individuals to help hurt others? Temperature, noise, crowding, air pollution have all been linked to altruism and aggression.

Vandalism. Beginning with the latter, vandalism is a widespread destructive behavior. Not every alteration of public territory is vandalism of course. Robert Sommer (1972) distinguishes between vandalism and people’s art. Part of the distinction involves motives the artist’s goal is to beautify an ugly environment. Vandals are destructive or egocentric, instead of painting a moral that reflects a social concern, they break off a young tree or scrawl their own name on a subway wall. In contrast, public artists usually seek anonymity yet creatively enhance a blake place.

The vandal’s motive may often be revenge. An equity theory model views the vandal as a person who feels unfairly dealt with (Baron & Fisher, 1984). Vandalism may be particularly likely when this perceived unfairness is combined with a perceived lack of control, a feeling that the injustice cannot be rectified through normal channels, although very low perceived control may lead vandals to become passive. Whether or not potential vandals have a role model someone whole engages in vandalism may also be important (Baron, 1984).

Weather. Perhaps the best known of these variables is temperature. A popular idea is that high temperatures or, more precisly, heat discomfort (Harries & Stadler, 1983) causes riots and other social aggression. Police have subscribed to this notion for a long time ( Bell &Greene, 1982), but public awareness of the hypothesis was height used by a report from the U.S Riot Commission (1968). The Commission’s figures indicated that all 1967 riots except one began when the temperature was at least 27 C (80F). The commision did not intend this a proof that heat causes aggression. However, as sometimes happens when informal studies confirm an intuitively attractive idea, many readers accepted the data as proof that high temperatures cause riots. What is the empirical evidence?

Baron & Ransberger (1978) studied riot and temperature records over a 4 year period and cloncluded that riots did increase with temperature to about 28 C (83F). However, at higher temperatures, they seemed to decrease. Baron and Ransberger hypothesized that over this peak, the temperature may be too high to promote riots.

The following year, Carlsmith and Anderson (1979) reexamined the temperature and riot records and pointed out that riots decreased on days over the peak temperature mainly because there simply weren’t that many days over the peak! They suggested that when this base-rate problem was corrected for, antisocial behavior does, after all, rise steadily with temperature. (See Fig. 9-7)

Other field studies (Anderson & Anderson, 1984, Cotton, 1982) also show that, within the normal range of temperature (up to about 35 C or 95 F), the hotter it is the more aggressive actsoccur. Field research thus supports the linear hypothesis (more heat equals more aggression) rather than the curvilinear hypothesis (aggression peaks at moderately hot temperatures and declines in very hot temperatures).

However, Barron and Ransberger’s basic contention. That antisocial behavior declines at very high temperatures. Almost certainly is true at sufficiently high temperatures. My own experience with 45 C (133 F) temperatures is that no one any longer wishes even to move, let alone run amok in a riot. However, the temperature at which aggression begins to decline because potential aggressors are too hot to hit is so high that for all practical purposes, aggression does increase with temperature.

On the positive side of social behavior, Cunningham (1979) asked individuals to help him with a questionnaire under different climatic conditions. He found that temperature affected how much subjects were willing to help, but the effect was not the same in the summer, they helped more on cooler days, but in winter they helped more on warm days. It seems we help more when the weather is “nice” (warm winter days and cool summer days). Assuming taht most of us think of sunshine as pleasant, Cunningham’s work supports the following nice weather hypothesis : in both summer and winter, we are more willing to help when it sunny.

These result appear tidy until we examine a study by Frank Schneider and his colleagues. The carefully studied four different helping behaviors, both outdoors and indoors, and found that temperature made no difference (Schneider, Lesko, & Garrett, 1980). Schneider is continuing his research, trying to solve the mystery of these conflicting result. 

Noise. Does loud noise reduce helping or ioncrease aggression? Again, if noise is loud enough, many of us try to escape it, rather than help someone in need. Loud noise may reduce helping because in attempting to escape, our attention is narrowed. We walk faster and gaze straight ahead more (Korte & Grant, 1980). Of course, another factor is the seriousness of the other person’s predicament. If someone’s life is in danger, we will probably risk noise loud enough to hurt our ears in order to render assistance. But if, as in some studies, the other person’s only problem is a dropped book, we may not help. For example, page (1977) found that construction noise (92 decibels as opposed to 72 decibels away from giving a quarter to a person who asked for one. Panhandlers are advised to avoid noisy corners.

The “seriousness” factor was supported in a study by Mathews and Canon (1975), who observed how many passersby helped a person who dropped an armload of books. They arranged for a nearby lawn mower with no muffler to be running during the incident (87 decibels) or not (about 50 decibels). In addition, the person who dropped the books either was wearing a cast or not. Without a cast, the book dropper was helped by 20 percent of passersby under low noise and 10 percent of them under high noise. A much larger different occurred when a cast was worn. Under low noise 80 percent helped, but only 15 percent under high noise.

Schneider, Lesko, and Garrett (1980) also included a needy case in their study someone using crutches but found no temperature differences, over 95 percent of passersby helped in hot, cold, and comfortable temperatures. Apparently, then, there is a big difference between helping in extreme temperatures and helping in noisy conditions. Why should this be?

One possibility is that we can usually anticipate and dress for cold or hot temperatures, thereby reducing the adverse effects of temperature. But when we encounter noise in public places we cannot counter the annoyance easily, except by leaving. When the noise is localized (as with a lawn mower), we realize that a little fast walking, which incidentally carries us past the person who needs help, will carry us beyond the awful din.

Noise in the streets may even affect how we think about others. Siegel and Steele (1980) asked their subjects to form impressions of others under low and high noise conditions. In the noiser conditions, these interpersonal judgments were more extreme. It seems that noise, perhaps because it acts as a general arousal agent, influense us to reach stronger conclutions about others than we might make under normal conditions.

Air pollution. Following several earlier studies suggesting that bad odors negatively affect mood and attraction to others, James Rotton searched for links between air pollution and social pathology in a community setting. Rotton and Frey’s (1985 a,b) discovered that higher levels of photochemical oxidants in the air were correlated with more domestic disputes and more instances of psychiatric disturbance. Correlation does not imply causation, but Rotton (1983) found that students exposed to a bad smelling pollutant judged peem (shown in photographs) lower on a scale of well being.

Of course, the intermediate stages of the phenomenon remain to be discovered. What does smog do to us that, in turn, influences some individuals to engage in antisocial behavior? If Rotton and Frey’s work is confirmed by subsequent research, the implications are very important for two reasons. First, we may expect that high temperatures and loud noise harm social relations, but we don’t usually think of air pollution as an antisocial agent. Smog may be a hidden cause of aggression. Second, those committed to fighting smog could reasonably argue that it erodes more than paint, vegetation, and Ph balance of lakes. It erodes human relitions.

Number of people. Finally, the number of by standers is related to helping. This idea was strengthened by the many studies stimulated by a 1964 episode in which a young women, Kitty Genovese, was killed on aNew York strett whill over thirty neighbors watched without helping her (Latane & Darley, 1970). Subsequent research has found that, under most conditions, the more individuals who witness someone having a problem, the smaller the odds that any one of them will help.

In one field study, the experimenter appeared to lose her contact lens. Helping behavior was defined as the length of time that the subject helped her look for it. When the shopping mal were study occurred was moderately full, subjects helped less than when it was moderatly empty (Cohen & Spacapan, 1978). In another field study (Kamman, Thomson, & Irwin, 1979), density in the immediate vicinity of the person needing help was more closely related to helping (high desity was associated with less helpfullnes) than was density at the communitywide level.

Urbanites do, of course, help those in need under some conditions. Once again, mediating variables such as a heavy workload (Cohen & Spacapan, 1978), where we are raised, and cognitive complexity (Weiner, 1976) play an important and sometimes counterintuitive role. For example, in Weiner’s study, those who were raised in the country. Thus high immediate densities may cause unhelpful behavior, but who the potential helper is and the circumstances other than high density surrounding the event also affect helping behavior.

People As Part of the Urban Environment

When we see a film in which the camera wanders through a city with not ane person to be seen, we feel something is terribly wrong. The presence of other people as we walk through the streets is a necessary component of normal reality. Yet, at least in towns and cities, we usually do not know most of the individuals we deal with. Although it may sound inhuman, people in the background of the urban panorama may be considered part of the environment. How do we interact with this part of the environment?

For the most part, event though we would fell very strange if we were the only ones on the street, we try to avoid contact with most individuals in public. For example, commuters are less willing to make eye contact with a stranger in the city than they are with the same stranger in the suburbs (McCauley, Coleman, & De Fusco, 1978).

Lyn Lofland (1973) says that urbanites operate according to a mini max principles minimize involvement with others, maximize social order. A good example of this principle is provided by research on pedestrian behavior (Wolf, 1973). Films of urban pedestrian were analyzed, and wolff found they consistently followed certain rules. As predicted by Lofland, these rules promoted non contact and cooperation. When pedestrians are headed on a comsion course with one another, one of them will move aside when the distance between them is about 2,1 m (7 feet) when the sidewalk density is low, and at about 1,5 m (5 feet) when the sidewalk density is high. Wolff found half a dozen other common patterns that pedestrians use as they make their way along a sidewalk full off strangers, including the “ step and slide” pattern, the “head over the shoulder” pattern, and the “spread effect”.

Sometimes strangers become familiar. In an interesting study, Stanly Milgran (1977) describes how some members of the anonymous mass confronting us become known quantities, even though we never talk to them. Do you see the same bag lady or jogger or oddly dressed person frequently? Even in a large city, certain individuals, both normal and odd, regularly cross our paths. Miligram calls such individuals our familiar strangers.

In one study, his students photographed groups of commuters waiting for the subway or bus. The photographs were then showed to some of the commuters in the picture, who were asked about the other individuals in the picture. About 90 percent of them recognized at least one person, the average person pointed out four others that they recognized but had never spoken to. Many commuters said they often think about these familiar strangers, noticing when they get a new coat or trying to figure out what kind of life they lead. One of Milgram’s respondents said she once helped a women who had collapsed on the street. Why? The women had been one. Of the familiar strangers for years. (See Fig. 9-8)

Sometimes the meanness and anonymity of city streets is overemphasized. There is crime and fear of crime, but Wolff’s and Milgram’s studies show that we definitely take each other into account, sometimes in a positive or helpful way.

The Environmental Psychology of Shopping

Shopping is an essential human activity. It has always had social and recreational aspects as well as the utlitarian function of obtaining the basic necessities of life. Many forces shape our shopping habits, among these are physical setting influences such as location of the store, decor, lighting, weather, sounds,crowding, smells, and displays.

Many unresearched or poorly researched cliams about shopping environments have been made, but recently more and better studies are being done. Retailers have become conscious of environmental psychology (Donovan & Rossiter, 1982). The most researched variable has been store location.

Location. an old adage in the retail trade is that the tree most important keys to retail success are location, location, and location. Research tends to substantiate this claim, although of course location isn't quite the entire story. when other factors are equal, shoppers choose the closest store that stocks what they want to buy. Also, in general, shoppers will select the largest store. These two physical variables, size and location, explain much variance in consumer choice of stores (Hawkins, Best & Coney, 1983).

Another key variable in this gravitation model is the attractiveness of the product. For especially attractive products (usually the more expensive ones), the gravitational effect due to size and location is weakened and shoppers will travel father. For example, in one study of outshopping (the practice of leaving our community to buy goods) researchers found that 34 percent of furniture and 33 percent of cars were purchased away from a small city, but only 4 percent of food and groceries were (Williams, 1981).

Layout. Large stores may draw more shoppers, but not every shoppers is happy with the usually impersonal environment in these retail settings. Robert sommer and his colleagues compared the social and physical qualities of supermarkets with those of farmer’s markets. In farmer’s markets shopper more often arrive in groups and spend more time interacting with the sellers and with other shoppers (Sommer, Herrick, & Sommer, 1981).

The researchers observed that the spatial layout of supermarkets (block shape, aisle orientation, linear checkout arrangements is a key factor in their sacrifice of friendliness in favor of traffict efficiency.

The length of aisles may affect buying behavior. One study found that when aisles were sorther, shappers often just looked down the aisle oather than walked down it (May, 1989). Long aisles cannot be so easily surveyed, so shoppers walk down them and often fall victim to the impulse to buy an aitem they are attracted to but did not intend to buy before entering the store.

As more of us register our dissatisfaction with setting that encourage alienation, shopping environment design will become more sensitive to the social needs of shoppers.

Display. Purchasing is affected by how goods are displayed. Most research has been done in grocery stores. Shelf height, end aisle placement, and location within the store all may affect normal buying as well as impulse buying (Cohen, 1981). For example, items placed on the end of an aisle will sometimes stimulate sales of that item. However, because shoppers searching for that product no longer need to travel down those long aisles where the item normally is located, overall stores sales may suffer. If the shopper does make the journey down the aisle, the heigh of an item affect its sales. One survey report that sales of the same jars of applesuce increased fivefold when they were moved from waist level to eye level (Ledd & German, 1973). Basicslik e dairy products are usually placed at the back of the store so the shopper is drawn past nonessentials often occur. Another key layout variable is store cleanliness, clean stores attract more customers (Patricios, 1979).

Density. Crowding in the shopping environment is another physical setting influence on consumer behavior. Objective density affects the shoppers perceptions and cognitions about the store (Harrell, Hutt, & Anderson, 1980). Feelings of crowding often ensue, which lead to adaptive strategies such as leaving the store earlier than planned. The stopper’s attitudes toward the store may then take a negative turn.

In Sum. Neighborhood satisfaction is related to such physical factors as the availability of nearby green space, general upkeep, and noise. Yet these factors interact to some extent with personal characteristics (screening tendency, perception of control, and resindence type). Cities are stimulating, but their impact does not constitute an overload for everyone. We seem to adapt to some stressors (air pollution) more than others (Noise). Neighborhood social ties may be less important than they used to be, except for a few determined groups. Vandalism and street art are different in motive and expression. Vandals destroy settings out of a sense of revenge, artists enhance settings while expressing social concerns. Crime and fear of crime are important neighborhood problems that may be eased in part through defensible space design principles.

Climate is an especially complex variable, but aggression probably does increase with air pollution and with temperature. Yet sunshine combined with moderate temperatures seems to increase helping. Noise in the community reduces helping unless the victim’s need is serious.

Interaction among strangers on the street generally follows a mini-max principle. Frequent exposure to the same strangers, however leads to a kind of distant affection. Environmental factors in shopping include store location and layout, the display of goods, and shopper density. Research in the retail environment has been slow to begin, but has a bright future. 

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Housing Disaster Victims

Emergency housing is needed at many sitter around the world each year. The art and science of providing shelter for disaster survivors is relatively new and is developing rapidly probably no donations of emergency shelter by outside countries occurred before World War II, yet within 10 days of a large 1976 quake in Turkey over 6.500 tents had been delivered (Davis, 1978).

Many technologically advanced solutions to postdisaster housing have been devised , including parachutes that turn into free standing tents ready for immediate occupancy on landing, polyurethane igloos, and instant floating marinalike shelters for flood victims. The UN and other agencies have sponsored competition for emergency housing designs that are very low in cost, very lightweight, collapsible, easy to erect, and sturdy.

Yet, surprisingly, this may not be at all what is required. Ian Davis (1978), who has extensive experience with international agencies that provide disaster shelter, has listed seven unsupported beliefs about emergency housing. First, “after disasters there is a need for many new shelters.” Actually, most families only go to official shelters when all else has failed. Second, “survivors show no clear pattern of housing preference after a disasters.” Actually, a clear order of preference usually emerges : go to 1. The homes of friends and family, 2. Locally improvised shelters, 3. Converted buildings such as school gymnasiums, and finally 4. Officially provided shelter.

Third,”compulsory evacuation is an effective policy.”in fact, attachment to community is so strong that no such evacuation in the last 40 years has been successful. Fourth,”tents make an effective shelter.” Actually, despite stockpiles of up to 10.000 tents in various places around the world, tents tend to be late in arriving and un derused once they arrive. Fifth, “emergency shelter is a matter of life and death.” Actually, it usually is not, local coping mechanisms take care of most serious threaths. Sixth, “in disastrous circumstances people will be prepared to live in unusual housing,” in fact, novel housing is often rejected as culturally alien (remember, the need for any official housing is lower than we often think). Seventh, “in a disaster, people are willing to live communally.” In fact, people usually become more conservative, clutching to their family unit where possible.

Four more myths pertain to the reconstruction phase. First, “temporary housing is needed prior to reconstruction. “ actually reconstruction of housing. Second, “an important priority is clearing rubble.” In fact, except for clearing acces roads, the rubble is often best left in place, to be recycled into new homes. Third, “crash programs by agencies and goverments are an effective way of solving postdisaster housing needs.” In fact, local people respond faster and better in rebuilding. Fourth, “community relocation is ideal.” So far, most attempts to relocate entire communities have been unsatisfactory.

Given all this negativty, what does Davis suggest? One prime goal of those who would like to help in some way should be to train local people how to rebuild their own houses with safer materials and, if possible, in a safe site in the same area. (See Fig. 9-14.) The safer design should, of course, respect local cultural traditions (Raport, 1969).

These efforts should be at the grassroots level, efforts to persuade goverments to institute new building ccodes often have no pratical influence on house construction. Meetings in villages and comic book depictions of safe construction techniques are more likely to change the house construction techniques that are passed down the generations.

Second, some technological advances in housing technology may be useful. However, they should be compatible with the cultural form of existing housing, amenable to local means of construction (should not require heavy equipment)band ready to go before the disaster, to minimize delays. Victims, will be reconstructing their houses out of local rubble a day or two after the disaster.

SUMMARY

Residence and community are physical settings that are crucial to human well being. Besides meeting minimal standards of space and maintenance, residential satisfaction is largely a matter of fit between stage in the life cycle and residence characteristics. Moving is a stressful experience that is increasing in frequencey. Residential crowding is still a problem in many households. Other households problems may axist but have not yet been researched. Neighborhood satisfaction is related to the absence of noise, air pollution, and ugliness, although some people seem able to adapt to some of these stressors. Except for certain groups, it is less related to neighboring than it used to be.

Climate influences pro and antisocial behavior mildly. High temperatures and bad air increase aggression, “nice” days increase helping, and noise dpresess helping. Out in the community, people try to maximize order and minimize social interaction altough repeated exposure to strangers often leads to a certain degree of attraction.

The environmental psychology of the retail world is just beginning, but physical variables clearly influence shopping behavior.

Most communities are subject to natural and technological hazard. Many individuals behave rationally and admirably during calamitous events, but planning for the event by individuals and by governments is often inadequate. Risks are misperceived and residents exhibit attachment to high risk homes. Environmental design of homes spans the range from room design to regional planning, examples of the design of apartements, outdoor space in row housing, urban plazas, and emergency housing are offered.

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Time Management Lessons Excerpt Scholars

Here are excerpts from the speech as well strand practice wisdom Ulama our example, the time to appreciate them ...

"A wise person is the product of his time. If a person is wasting his time, then all his benefits will go away. Because all the goodness stems from the time. Anyone who is a waste of time, then he will not be able to again pursue for ever! "(Ibn Qayyim Al-Jauziyyah)

Associated with the holy Qur'an interpretation letter Fathir verse 37, Qatadah said, "Know that longevity was a proof (due to the increasing longevity of the longer reckoning yaumul later at the end). Thus, we seek refuge in God that we will not be insulted with longevity. "(Tafsir Ibn Kathir)

A righteous caliph, Umar ibn Abdul Aziz rahimahullah once said, "Truly, day and night are always working for you, then you should work when both exist."

Al-Allamah Thasyburi Zadah (see Miftahus Sa'adah, I: 36) once told, "Isham ibn Yusuf al-Balkhi, a jurist of the Hanafi madhhab, experts also narrated from Balkh, died in 215H rahimahullah. One day he bought the pen for one dinar, to write what he just heard on the spot. Because life is so short, while the science of so many. So, should a prosecutor science is not wasted time and opportunities that exist; use at night and moments of silence, using the opportunity to learn from the scholars and draw lessons from them. Because not every thing is lost, could be pursued again. "

I can not reach back to what has been missed from me

To ouch, if not with words nor the words if I ...

[Note one dinar is now equivalent to two millions of dollars]

Ibn 'Aqil said, "As much as possible, I tried to summarize the meal. So I prefer the cake that I accidentally wet with water, rather than eat dry bread. Because there is a lapse of time that distinguishes them when chewed. Namely that my learning more optimal time, and so that I can pursue other lessons that I have not understood. Because according to the agreement of the scholars, the most precious thing to intelligent people is the time. Time is a treasure trove that can be used to reach opportunities. Because we load a lot of the time is always moving fast. "

Ibn Jauzy Shaidul Katheer said in his book, "A man ought to know the value of the rotation period, and the price of the time that he had, Do not let him for a moment wasted without good deeds. And to look for the scale of priorities, what are the best practices. Intention to do good it must always be upright and not experienced a decline, so he was able to do things that could not be done by the agency. As mentioned in a noble hadith, "The intention of a believer is more valuable darpada deeds' (pieces of weak hadith issued by Tabaraani in al-Kabir Mu'jamul)."

In a treatise Laftatul Head Nashihatil Walad fi, Ibn Jauzy give advice to his son, "Know, O my son, that in those days spread out into a collection of hours. Hours stretched into a collection of noise-sigh breath, and every breath a sigh like a closet. So, beware that breathed the breath does not pass, without avail and benefit. Because, on the Day of Judgement someday you will find the cupboard was bare, so that thou sorry! Look at all your time, for what you use it? Thou shalt not let it pass, except for matters of the most noble. Jangnlah you neglected your soul. Get used to it for the most commendable deeds melazimi. And, bangktlah to prepare your savings later in the grave, that thou happy one day when he arrived there. "

In a treatise Laftatul Head Nashihatil Walad fi, Ibn Jauzy give advice to his son, "Lazy to achieve glory is an evil friend! And lazed pleased to bequeath some regret that grow on top of each delicacy. So, beware and trouble is you. Sesalilah over time that has passed in vain. Behold meant to reach perfection while there is still time. Siramilah your tree buds while still wet. And, always remember that your time has been wasted. Suffice it as advice. With it, it's gone lazy delights that causes varying degrees of glory gone too! "

A poet and writer of Egypt, Ahmad Syauqi rahimahullah, once said:

Heart rate as if someone said to him

Indeed life is a collection merupakna seconds and minutes

So tinggikanlah derajatmu, you shall always be remembered after your death

Because, dikenangnya person is a second life

In another poem mentioned,

Made haste to fill your night with something you enjoy doing most

For verily it is a day night for egghead

Nabatah Ibn As-Sa'di said:

I reproached myself for my soul fatigue

Penjagaanku in darkness is a garden that makes it difficult to sleep

If a young man looking towards glory

So he will despise delicious sleep

Excerpted from the book "Qimatuz Times' Indal 'Ulama'", by Shaykh Abdul Fattah, publisher of Al-Mathbu'at Maktab al-Islamiyya. In the edition of the translation of "What a Wonderful Time Manajemn Scholars", translator: Abu Omar al Bashir, publisher of Zamzam.

So how about filling us in our time?
Ago you close to 'forget', now you're close to the 'later', you'll come to a close with 'uncertainty', whether you are going to close it (do it) or period (ie God) that will close it (by omission or death)

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Games Online and Their Negative Consequences.

activity of the teens to child-rampant now emerging that name in online gaming ya can call in one of permainanya which I also like is the point blank ..... they are competing in order to increase the rank of each of the players in various ways from an honest to who plays cheating. in addition to their time-consuming game that memainkanya, they also must mengocek their money for various things such as cash purchase very often done by players. up money to pay these internet cafes, sometimes people who play this game a negative impact on the child's learning .. will lupanya learning and homework,,, the average game is played by students, high school, junior high, even small children who are affected by this game ....

For parents who have children who like to play online games do not forbid them to play but take them to reduce the hours mainya .. because the child will increasingly resist if you are banned, they will usually surreptitiously time to go to online gaming. as well as I ever banned by my parents. in addition to steal time they will do everything they can to get money to play, ranging from stealing, asking for money on their peers, even krininal other activities. give them a share of the money for the game ..

Message For Parents Who Have Aanak Like This

Control the tidang your child to get into Web sites that many store sites that can not have a norm which does not yet old enough to try to open the site.

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Music -The food of Soul

Music is said to be the food of the soul. There is nothing more swaying and gratifying than good music. Soothing music heals the mind. Entertainment will not get completed without music and playing of your favorite music and songs changes your tension filled mind right away to a more relaxed and tranquil state of mind. If you compose a piece of really nice music you need to write it down so that you can remember and other people will also be able to play it too. Live music is favored at parties and events. Live music entertainment consists of classical music, Jazz, Swing, World music, period music of 50's, 60's, 70's, 80's and the 90's and performed by artists who haven't made it big and classical music consists of quintet, quartet, trio, duo and solo.

Whether it is a birthday party, wedding reception, a private party or a corporate party, live music is a must if you are not hiring a DJ to mix songs for you. The choice of songs and music may be limited with a live music performance, but it is the limited selected songs and music, which makes the band endearing to people. DJs would charge 25% – 50% of what a live music performing band charges. However, the charm of live music is something that is enticing if one can afford it. Some live music performing bands capture and reproduce the tone of music that were not recorded properly by the ingenuous recording machines of the 50's and the 60's. Performances of live music can be known on any instrument as a piano, guitar, keyboard, harpoon, flute, trumpet, saxophone and the jazz set. Music is intimately related to the subliminal mind

because it blends our emotions. Perhaps you can recall listening to a jingle and finding the tune and the advertising slogan replaying in your mind over and over, even if you disliked the jingle. It just trapped into your mind. Hypnosis is another prevailing trait of music. One of the main reasons for using music for self-hypnosis is to help you maintain mental and emotional focus on your outcome. The music that helps to elicit within you emotions which are appropriate for your self-hypnosis outcome, will take care of the focus. Your intention can then ride of the wave of music, making focusing an effortless process.

Benefits:

Music has quite a lot of advantages despite serious reductions in subsidy for arts programs in public schools, there is a great need for studying music. Band, orchestra, and choir all offer students a chance to work together in a social and intellectual group setting and excel at complex tasks. The deception for parents is to enroll their children in high quality programs and aid them in procuring high quality instruments.

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